The
s (
Devanagari: ) are part of the
Hindu śruti.
They are composed in
Vedic Sanskrit, and the period of their composition is sometimes referred to as the
Brahmanic period or
age (approximately between
900 BCE and
500 BCE). They are essentially commentaries of the
Vedas, explaining
Vedic ritual. The earliest Brahmanas may have been written several centuries earlier, contemporary to the Krishna Yajurveda commentary prose, but they've only survived in fragments.
The Brahmanas are originally instructions for the proper performance of ritual and sacrifice, but they're also the nucleus of later
Hindu philosophy, introducing concepts of
Karma and
Samsara, the four stages in the life of a Brahmin, viz.,
brahmacarya,
grihastha,
vanaprastha,
sannyasi, and mystical notions presaging
Vedanta philosophy. Some Brahmanas contain sections that came to be considered an
Aranyaka or
Upanishad in their own right.
List
Each Brahmana is associated with one of the four Vedas, and within the tradition of that Veda with a particular
shakha or school:
- Rigveda
- Samaveda
- Kauthuma: PB, SadvB
- Jayminiya: Jayminiya Brahmana (JB)
- Tandyamaha or Pancavimsa Brahmana
- Sadvimsa Brahmana
- Samavidhana Brahmana
- Arseya Brahmana
- Devatadhyaya or Daivata Brahmana
- Mantra or Chandogya Brahmana
- Samhitopanisad Brahmana
- Vamsa Brahmana
- Jayminiya Arseya Brahmana
- Jayminiya Upanisad Brahmana
- Yajurveda
- Kathaka Brahmana
- Krishna: the Brahmanas are integrated into the samhitas:
- Maitrayani (MS)
- Carakakatha (CS)
- Kapisthalakatha (KS)
- Taittiriya (TS). The Taittiriya school has an additional Taittiriya Brahmana (TB)
- Shukla
- Vajasaneyi Madhyandina: Shatapatha Brahmana, Madhyadina recension (ShB)
- Kanva: Shatapatha Brahmana, Kanva recension (ShBK)
- Atharvaveda
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